Background: We aimed to explore the causal analysis, clinical characteristics and treatment strategies of laparoscopic\nconversion to open approach (LCTOA) in radical nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy.\nMethods: We included all patients with Mayo level Iâ??III renal tumors with inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombus who\nunderwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and tumor thrombectomy as the first choice from May 2015 to July 2019.......................
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